Pavel Durov, the CEO of messaging app Telegram, has criticized Russia’s criminal investigation against him, calling it a “sad display of a government fearful of its citizens.” Durov, a Russian billionaire residing in the United Arab Emirates, confirmed reports by Russian state media that the Federal Security Service is probing him for allegedly “aiding terrorism.” He denounced the authorities’ ongoing efforts to limit Russians’ access to Telegram, accusing them of curtailing privacy rights and free speech.
Access Now, a digital rights non-profit organization that has previously raised concerns about Telegram’s security and privacy, supported Durov’s stance. Natalia Krapiva, a senior technical legal counsel at Access Now, acknowledged the suppression of freedom of expression and access to information in Russia, agreeing with Durov’s assessment.
In response to the investigation, Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov stated that the Federal Security Service had identified numerous violations by Telegram, including content deemed potentially harmful to the country’s security. Peskov highlighted Telegram’s lack of cooperation with authorities, leading to the initiation of appropriate measures by relevant agencies.
The probe into Durov is part of Russia’s broader crackdown on various messaging platforms. In addition to targeting Telegram, Russia has restricted access to FaceTime and blocked messaging apps like Signal, Viber, and WhatsApp, while also banning Facebook and Instagram. The government is promoting its state-owned alternative, MAX, as a comprehensive platform for messaging and online services. Krapiva warned that MAX could pose surveillance risks, particularly for journalists and activists, as the platform openly shares user data with authorities upon request.
Despite government-imposed disruptions, Telegram remains popular in Russia, with many users utilizing virtual private networks (VPNs) to bypass restrictions. Krapiva noted a significant increase in VPN usage in Russia, attributing it to the higher quality and functionality of foreign-owned platforms compared to state alternatives. However, she highlighted that Russia is intensifying its crackdown on VPN services to steer users towards an all-Russian online environment, enabling comprehensive information control by the government.
The objective is to create a self-contained online ecosystem in Russia, restricting access to external platforms and information channels. Krapiva expressed concerns about this restrictive approach, emphasizing the potential implications for freedom of expression and access to diverse sources of information.