After a prolonged diplomatic dispute stemming from the killing of a Sikh activist in Canada, India and Canada have started to lay out a plan to mend their strained ties. Following a successful two-day trip to New Delhi and Mumbai, Canadian Foreign Minister Anita Anand expressed optimism about the progress made. Anand highlighted the intent to enhance the bilateral relationship, indicating a shift towards rebuilding since the fallout in September-October 2023.
The breakdown of relations occurred when former Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau implicated Indian government agents in the assassination of Sikh activist Hardeep Singh Nijjar in 2023, outside a Sikh temple in Surrey, B.C. India refuted the accusations as baseless and politically motivated, leading to reciprocal expulsions of diplomats a year later.
Ongoing investigations by Canadian authorities into alleged transnational repression, particularly targeting the Sikh community, have resulted in charges against four Indian nationals linked to Nijjar’s murder. Despite persistent tensions, a pragmatic approach is emerging as both countries grapple with tariffs imposed by the United States and seek to broaden their trade horizons.
The recent election in Canada, which saw Mark Carney assume the role of Prime Minister, has brought a glimmer of hope for improved relations. Carney’s invitation to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to the G7 Summit in Kananaskis, Alta., last June signaled a marginal thaw in relations. Both nations have appointed new high commissioners, with India agreeing to reinstate the same number of Canadian diplomats previously stationed in the country.
During her inaugural visit to India as Foreign Minister, Anand engaged in discussions with Modi and interacted with business leaders in Mumbai. Modi conveyed India’s vision of collaboration with Canada, emphasizing the importance of fostering a positive attitude to advance bilateral ties. The joint statement released by the ministers reflected a renewed commitment to enhancing cooperation, with a focus on trade, agriculture, critical minerals, and AI technology.
While the statement lacked explicit mention of transnational repression, Anand reiterated Canada’s concerns over public safety and emphasized the need for an independent investigation. The subtle shift towards rebuilding ties was acknowledged by India’s former top diplomat in Canada as a departure from past confrontational diplomacy. While the visit has drawn criticism from groups like Sikhs For Justice, who have raised concerns over prioritizing trade over safety, it has been welcomed by Canada’s business community as a step towards reengagement with India.